Some thoughts on a piece of history concerning Sardinia Iron.
Rolando Berretta
Diodorus Siculus (see the Battle of the Sea Sardo) states that in 480 BC there was the epic battle of Thermopylae where Xerxes Cadmeans obtained the victory.
The Greeks gained the most glorious defeat at Thermopylae with Leonidas, while the biggest victory realized in Sicily, in Imera, where the Syracuse Gelone made out of 300,000 men led by the Carthaginian Hamilcar.
So says Herodotus Histories, Book VII.
165 ... Crinippo Terilli's son, the tyrant of Imera Imera kicked out by Theron's son Enesidemo, Acragantini of the monarch, had sent 300,000 Phoenicians, Libyans, Iberians, Liguria, Heliskiing (Galli), Sardis and Cyrni (Courses) with their commander Hamilcar, son of King Hanno of Carthage ....
166 ... the day when the Greeks won at Salamis the king of Persia, Gelo and Theron won Amilcare, King of the Carthaginians. Hamilcar, Carthaginian by father and mother's side of Syracuse, had become King of Carthage for its value.
Modern historiography reminds us this is like the son of Hamilcar Magone and as one who had conquered Sardinia 30 years ago. E 'quell'Asdrubale's brother who died in Sardinia. Famous brothers: they are the sons of the even more legendary mythical Magone: the author of the Carthaginian land power.
But no one mentions the source of this freedom of interpretation. Where is it written that it was a Magonide the Amilcare Imera?
Diodorus Gisco reminds us that the son in Imera dell'Amilcare defeated, he was exiled in Sicilia a Selinunte. Annibale, nipote di Amilcare, approfittando dell’allontanamento dell’esercito siracusano spedito in Grecia a dare man forte a Sparta contro Atene, fece una rapida incursione in Sicilia e distrusse Imera e Selinunte. (Il padre e il nonno erano stati vendicati).
Annibale fu giudicato il più grande condottiero che Cartagine avesse mai avuto. Era il 409 a.C.
Il mitico Magone e i figli (i Magonidi) Asdrubale e Amilcare debbono ancora comparire sulla scena.
Passiamo al personaggio più famoso della storia militare sarda: Malco, l’uomo che dopo aver sottomesso parte della Sicilia, dopo aver perso parte dell’esercito, sbarcò in Sardegna e fu sconfitto in una singola pesante battaglia. La storiografia moderna lo vede operare verso il 550 a.C.
Tuttavia nessuna fonte greca lo conferma. I Greci conoscevano bene la loro storia e la scrivevano. In Sicilia, verso il 550 a.C., i Cartaginesi operavano solo affari mercantili.
Ma l’ateniese Tucidide, che ha fotografato la situazione siciliana del suo periodo, li smentisce tutti.
Arriviamo al 406 a.C., all’inizio delle guerre cartaginesi in Sicilia.
Diodoro afferma che Cartagine spedisce per la seconda volta quell’Annibale che aveva distrutto Imera e Selinunte. Per la sua età avanzata gli affiancarono, come vice, Imilcone sempre della casata di Annone. A questo punto, se si confrontassero i testi di Giustino (per Malco) and that of Diodorus (for Imilcone) we realize that the character and the events are the same. Malco Imilcone and have the same consonants (MLK). By integrating the two texts you have a clear picture of events. It 's the same story when he writes that Justin died in Sicily succeeded all'Amilcare Imilcone does not refer to Imera all'Amilcare died in 480 and 405 of all'Imilcone, skipping the greatest leader ever had, Carthage: Hannibal. This
Amilcare (surely one of the two Magonidi) should be killed in the naval Erice in 368 BC quest'Amilcare (Magonide) took over his son Imilcone that, after winning many battles and captured many city \u200b\u200b(in Sardinia certainly not in Sicily) lost his army to the pestilential influence of a star. (These are the events described by the pseudo-Aristotle. We are in 349 BC)
"The area of \u200b\u200bNew York was swept by a tsunami caused by the fall of an asteroid 100 meters in diameter: the wave 20 meters high with an estimated a rise of about 50 km along the Hudson River, about 300 a. C. "
Paul Orosius, who could not have known of the asteroid, he writes:
" III 7 (1) Memorandum inter mala etiam censeo primum illud cum ictum cartaginiensibus foedus ...
III 7 (1) I consider that the first treaty was signed at that time with the Carthaginians should count among the evils especially because it provennero misfortunes that began immediately after.
(2) 402 years after the founding of Rome were sent ambassadors to Rome and a treaty was signed.
(3) The testimony of history, the reproach thrown on the sites and the abomination decreed against the days when those events occurred, state that the continuous hail of evil and darkness of endless misfortunes that followed the arrival of the Carthaginians in Italy . It was seen to extend the night most of the day and a hail of stones as big grains fell from the clouds to the stone floor. "
is the year he arrived in Sicily from Corinth Timoleon led by a torch in the sky. We follow
Justin:
9 Thus the population of Sicily, due to the violence of the Carthaginians, had recourse to Leonidas, brother of the King of Sparta. It began a bitter war that was fought long and with varying fortune.
10 While this was happening, ambassadors sent by Darius, King of the Persians, came to Carthage, bringing an edict which prohibited the Carthaginians to sacrifice human victims and eat dog meat. 11
King also ordered to cremate the bodies of the dead rather than bury them. 12
Meanwhile the ambassadors asked for help against Greece which Dario was going to make war. 13
the Carthaginians, refusing aid because of their constant wars against neighbors, obeyed willingly with other orders not to appear unwilling to everything.
At this point you should review the codes. In Justin we can read the arrival of King Leonidas and Diodorus does come Timoleon. (Same root Leon).
Franciscus Ruehl-Leipzig-1886-Edidit O. Seel MCMLX "Biblioteca scriptorum Romanorum et grecorum Teuberiana" ... said in a note, that Justin will talk about Trogo Leonidas because of a lacuna in the text. Leonidas is given, only (olim) from Gothsmit. The fever is definitely Dario Darius II and the spread of the plague of Athens.
There is also a step that covers the end of Justin's Malco:
Nec multo post ipse adfectati accusatus duplicis kingdoms, and in a filio et in patria, parricidii poenas dedit. Huic Mago imperator successit, cuius industria et opes Karthaginiensium et imperii fìnes et bellicae gloriae laudes creverunt.
Tutti i traduttori vedono Malco ucciso per il duplice delitto.
Tonino Pischedda, esperto di Lingua Latina, assicura che quel NEC messo all’inizio del passo…ribalta il significato.
Malco, accusato per il duplice parricidio, non fu giustiziato. Ma chi avrebbe potuto giudicare e condannare il Padrone di Cartagine ?
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